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“The equivalent of two Valdez spills is gushing into the Gulf, per week!”
John Hocevar, Oceans Campaign Director, Greenpeace USA, talks to B&E’s steven philip warner about the damage done and the consequences thereof of the most recent BP Oil spill holocaust
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 B&E: The most recent BP oil leak disaster in the Gulf of Mexico is estimated to lead to great ecological disbalances. What are you estimates of the damage?
John Hocevar (JH): The impacts of the BP Horizon disaster on the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem and coastal communities are going to be felt for decades. It was terrible seeing oiled birds, dolphins swimming through oily water, and tens of thousands of dead hermit crabs. Of perhaps even greater concern is the impact on habitat, which will have long-lasting effects. Mangroves and grasses that have been covered in oil will die, and many low lying islands will wash away completely once the vegetation that holds them together disappears. Some of the islands which will be lost include some of the most important bird rookeries in the Gulf. Unfortunately, this is just the beginning. No one seems to know for sure how much oil has been spilled, but the estimates keep increasing. Some scientists are now saying that the equivalent of two Valdez spills is gushing into the Gulf right now, per week. So far, most of the oil has remained below the surface, offshore, and out of sight – and so have the impacts to marine life.
B&E: The Obama administration is acting first hand to take charge of this situation that already looks beyond control. It has been estimated by Credit Suisse that the cost of the clean up act can touch upto $49 billion in the four years to follow. Even BP is taking huge steps to accelerate its clean up acts. How far do you think will the mission be successful?
JH: The effort to clean up or mitigate the impacts of this disaster is considerable, but has already proven insufficient to protect sensitive areas. The oil has entered the wetlands, where it will be impossible to clean. Even under the best of circumstances, at most 15-20% of the oil can be recovered. In this case, I would be surprised if they could recover more than 5%. The harsh truth is that the only way to avoid disasters like this is to prevent offshore drilling from happening in the first place.
B&E: So you think BP is the culprit in the spotlight or is it Tony Hayward who is the criminal in the crowd? Or are we to condemn the whole concept of deepwater drilling?
JH: It is not a question of BP or Tony Hayward being a particularly bad apple, or even of deepwater drilling being much more dangerous than shallow drilling. Many big oil companies have had major accidents in the past under various circumstances, and more recent blowouts have occurred in shallow water than deep. Part of the problem with assessing what the spill is doing to Gulf species has been a lack of transparency by those doing the assessing. BP has hired contractors to test dead animals, but what we’ve seen from them so far has been a bit dubious. When contractors tell the media that the number of dead dolphins is no cause for alarm, or that there is no link to the spill, it doesn’t exactly instill confidence.
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B&E: There has been a lot of talk, especially with Obama promising a lot with green technologies. But nothing has happened that can be called a sweeping influence to the fuel consuming masses. Are we there yet?
JH: President Obama has said that we need to end our addiction to oil, and to develop renewable energy sources like wind and solar. While this is a laudable goal, it is meaningless without action to back it up. Decisions are being made now which will have lasting impacts. But there are matters much more serious and threatening to consider using the thinking cap. For example, plans are still moving ahead to allow drilling in the Arctic in 2011. If we cannot even handle a spill in the Gulf of Mexico, where we are probably better prepared than anywhere else on earth, how can we deal with a spill in the remote, pristine waters of the Arctic, where the Coast Guard acknowledges they have no capacity to respond? Policies only make sense on ground. And if they are kept limited to just the coffee table, there is little that can help avert a second BP-like crisis or crises.
B&E: So what immediate step do you recommend to save the ecology?
JH: We need an immediate ban on offshore drilling, and we must improve the safety of and ultimately begin phasing out existing wells.
B&E: But do you think this will go well with the oil companies?
JH: Which right policy does? There will surely be objections.
B&E: You are quite known as a lover of ocean life. You must be keeping track of what the recent BP disaster has caused. How about an experience that you’d want to share?
JH : I was at Grand Isle, Louisiana, one of the growing number of places unlucky enough to win a “heavily oiled” classification on the government maps tracking the disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. Despite BP’s efforts to keep it under wraps, we’re went there to document the impacts of the spill. Walking through Grand Isle State Park, we came across a tidal flat that was littered with tens of thousands of dead hermit crabs. It was a depressing scene, and took me all the way back to my first visit to the beach, over 35 years ago, when discovering hermit crabs at Rocky Neck State Park in Connecticut helped inspire a life-long love of the ocean. Now, I realise it can seem a little odd to wax poetically about hermit crabs when we’re talking about the biggest environmental disaster in North American history. Today, entire communities along the Gulf Coast are reeling, and many species – sea birds, turtles, and even a population of sperm whales – are being pushed to the brink of extinction. The problem is that it’s all connected. Hermit crabs are a bellwether for the health of the Gulf of Mexico. When the sediment fills up with oil, so do the shells of the hermit crabs, and they suffocate. So if all the hermit crabs on a beach die, it’s pretty safe to say that the entire top layer of sand is full of oil – and no longer able to sustain life other than bacteria. The true cost of oil really doesn’t end at the gaspump! We have to realise that.
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